A
- Roman Abraham, general of the Polish army
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, logician and philosopher
- Spirydion Albanski, soccer goalkeeper of Polish National Team
- Zofia Albinowska-Minkiewiczowa, painter
- Stanislaw Albinowski, economist, columnist and journalist
- Bohdan Ihor Antonych, poet
- Stefan Askenase (1896–1985), pianist
- Szymon Askenazy, historian and politician, founder of the Lvov-Warsaw historical school
- Muhammad Asad, translator of Quran into English (born Leopold Weiss)
- Herman Auerbach, mathematician
- Emanuel Ax, American pianist
- Teodor Axentowicz, painter
- Erwin Axer, actor and theatre professor
B
- Oswald Balzer, law historian, rector of the Lwów University (1895–1896), founder of the Society for Support of Polish Science in Lwów (Tow. dla Popierania Nauki Pol. we Lwowie), the first scientific organisation in the city
- Stefan Banach, mathematician
- Yuri Bashmet, viola soloist
- Kazimierz Bartel, mathematician and politician, prime minister of Poland (1926–1930)
- Adolf Beck (1863–1942), physiologist
- Joseph Beer (1908–1987), composer
- Alexander Beliavsky, chess grandmaster
- Józef Bem, Polish and Hungarian national hero
- Saint Józef Bilczewski, archbishop of Lwów and a Catholic saint
- Szymon Okolski (1580–1653), a historian, specialist in heraldry, provincial of the Dominican Order
- Fabian Birkowski, writer, preacher
- Wojciech Bobowski (1610–1675), dragoman and musician in the Ottoman Empire, translated the Bible into Ottoman Turkish
- Wojciech Bogusławski, composer
- Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, general of the Polish army, commander-in-chief of the Home Army
- Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz, general of the Polish army
- Michał Boym (ca. 1612–1659), Jesuit missionary in China, known for his travels and writings
- Heinrich Gottfried von Bretschneider, German satirical writer
- Martin Buber, philosopher
- Solomon Buber, banker and philosopher
C
D
E
F
G
- Mieczysław Gębarowicz, scientist and art historian, director of the Ossolineum Institute during the World War II
- Jacob Ber Gimpel, founder of the Lemberg Yiddish theater
- Franciszek Ksawery Godebski, director of the Ossolineum and father to Cyprian Godebski, renown sculptor
- Georgiy R. Gongadze, journalist kidnapped and murdered in 2000
- Andrei Lahush, writer
- Zygmunt Gorgolewski, architect, constructor of the Grand Theatre in Lwów (currently Opera Theatre in Lviv)
- Kazimierz Górski, football coach
- Uri Zvi Greenberg, poet
- Artur Grottger, late romanticist painter
H
I
K
- Bertha Kalich, actress
- Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, general
- Stanisław Kasznica, resistance soldier
- Zygmunt Kętrzyński, historian, director of Ossolineum institute
- Wojciech Kilar, composer
- Lubka Kolessa, pianist
- Yevhen Konovalets, Ukrainian nationalist leader
- Maria Konopnicka, writer
- Juliusz Kossak, painter
- Jan Krukowiecki, general
- Solomiya Krushelnytska, opera singer
- Ivan Krypyakevych, historian
- Jacek Kuroń, freedom fighter and politician (Solidarity, KOR)
- Vilém Kurz, pianist, professor at the Lviv State Conservatory
- Ilona Kurzowa, pianist
- Wacław Kuchar, talented athlete, multiple champion of Poland in various sports
- Ilya Kutik, Russian poet
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L
- Kateryna Lahno, chess grandmaster
- Stanisław Lem, science fiction writer and futurist
- Stanisław Leśniewski, philosopher and logician
- Antoni Łomnicki, mathematician
- Alfred J. Lotka, mathematician, physical chemist, statistician, biophysicist, author of predator-prey model
- Stanisław I Leszczyński, King of Poland
- Roman Longschamps de Berier, lawyer, last rector of the Jan Kazimierz University
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz, engineer, pioneer of oil industry
- Jan Łukasiewicz, philosopher and logician
M
- Stanisław Maczek, Polish WW2 general, Commander Allied (Polish) 1st Armoured Division in Western Europe
- Kornel Makuszyński, writer of books for children
- Alexandra Marinina, writer of detective stories
- Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, writer, author of Venus in Furs
- Kazimierz Michałowski, Egyptologist, founder of Nubiology
- Ludwig von Mises, free-market economist (born in Lemberg)
- Richard von Mises, mathematician (younger brother of Ludwig, also born in Lemberg)
- Sigmund Mogulesko, Yiddish singer and actor
- Ignacy Mościcki, chemist and President of Poland (1926–1939)
- Andrzej Mostowski, mathematician
- Paul Muni, actor
- Anna Muzychuk, chess grandmaster
N
O
P
R
S
- Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, journalist and BDSM writer whose surname originated the term “masochism”
- Henryk Samsonowicz, historian
- Markiyan Shashkevych, poet
- Andrey Sheptytsky, head of the Ukrainian Church through both the world wars
- Roman Shukhevych, general of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
- Count Stanisław Skarbek, city's benefactor
- Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski, hetman
- Wacław Sobieski, historian
- Dr. Jaroslaw (Jerry) Drahomyr Stachiw, Mechanical Engineer and leading authority on the structural application of plastics and brittle materials used in external pressure housings and hyperbaric chambers
- Leopold Staff, poet
- Vasyl Stefanyk, writer
- Hugo Steinhaus, mathematician
- Stanisław Skrowaczewski, composer
- Julian Stryjkowski, writer
- Bohdan Stupka, actor
- Tadeusz Sygietyński, composer
- Moritz Szeps, journalist
- Wacław Szybalski, medical researcher
- Larisa Shepitko , Soviet film director.
T
U
V
W
Rudolf Weyde idustrial investor
Y
Z
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